GLOSSARY

All Saints

Almanne Redinge

Arlais, Arles, Arlis

Arles—see Arlais

Arlis—see Arlais

Basslake

Brodeland Parke

Bertwn, Burton, Barton, Bere Tun. The Bertwn was the site of what is now a holiday resort on the Gwendraeth estuary between Kidwelly and St. Ishmael. The word is used to mean either the home-farm of a lord of a manor, a monastic farm or "grange", or simply a barley farm. Monasteries were often given land which was situated too far away to be worked from the monastery itself. The monks therefore developed a system of granges, which were worked by lay brothers and hired labourers. Such granges were used particularly as arable holdings in the lowlands and were distinguished from ordinary farms only by their chapels.
burgage. The property owned by a "burgess" in a medieval town. As burgesses congregated around the market place and main streets, space at the front was at a premium. Burgage plots were therefore long and narrow with a row of outbuildings stretching to the rear of the house and shop.
burgess. A citizen or freeman of a borough, especially a member of the governing body of a town.

Bronnehill, Broom Hill

Cadock’s Mill

cartbote. The right to take timber from the manorial commons or wastes in order to make and maintain carts.

The term is mentioned in a draft lease of 1544, preserved in the Public Record Office under which the temporalities of the Priory of Kidwelly were sold.

carucate. Originally the amount of land that a team of oxen could plough each year. This varied according to the quality of the land but was about 120 acres. The carucate or "hide" was the the basic unit of taxation in the Domesday Book.

Coldicot

Croftes

Dalkynadan

demesne. Land on a "manor" reserved for the lord's own use, as distinct from land held by tenants.
dovecote. The Romans bred pigeons but surviving dovecotes date from the 12th to 18th century - one survives on Coleman Farm. Most were built when grain was more plentiful and were originally confined to "demesne" lands of manorial lords and monasteries. Farmers broke down this monopoly in the 17th and early 18th centuries. Pigeons were valued for their meat, eggs, feathers, down and dung. The cost of their upkeep was small, as they forage for food and have strong homing instincts.

Ferry Road—see Scholand

fireboot, fyerboot. The right to collect wood from the manorial commons or wastes for fuel.

The terms are mentioned in a Kidwelly Charter of 1356 and a draft lease of 1544, preserved in the Public Record Office under which the temporalities of the Priory of Kidwelly were sold.

Fraunces Parke

Frogmere Street. Present day Station Road. See also mere.

fyerboot—see fireboot

Glyn

Glynusen

grange. see Bertwn

hayboot, hedgebote. The right to collect wood from the manorial commons or wastes in order to erect and maintain fences.

The terms are mentioned in a Kidwelly Charter of 1356 and a draft lease of 1544, preserved in the Public Record Office under which the income, e.g the rents of the Priory of Kidwelly were sold.

hedgebote—see hayboot

Holloway Lane. see Le Holwey.
Holway. see Le Holwey.

Horsestonefelde

houseboot. The right to take timber from the manorial commons or wastes in order to erect and maintain houses.

The term is mentioned in a Kidwelly Charter of 1356.

Hustede

Kevengorath

Kothlyndysagh

Le Holwey, Holway. Present day Holloway Lane.

Lleghwen

Long Parke

mainprize. A writ requiring a sheriff to obtain securities for the appearance of a defendant in court.

The term is mentioned in a Kidwelly Charter of 1356.

Melyonfelde

mere. A pool or boundary stream

Middle Bayly

Mill Parke

Moone Parisshe

Mount Solomon

Oldehall, Owld Hall

Owld Hall—see Oldehall

Penallt, Pennalth, Pennalt, Penalt

Penalt—see Penallt

Pencoyd

Pengwern, Penwarne

Pennalth—see Penallt

Pennalt—see Penallt

Penwarne—see Pengwern

ploughbote. The right to take timber from the manorial commons or wastes in order to make and maintain ploughs.

The term is mentioned in a draft lease of 1544, preserved in the Public Record Office under which the temporalities of the Priory of Kidwelly were sold.

Ridgies-in-le-Shill. The ploughing of individual strips year after year built up ridges to the height of a foot or two especially in areas of heavy soil. See also Shill

Ringes Landes

Saynt Sondaye’s Well

Scholand, Shoe Lane Street, Ferry Road. Place-names which include "schole" in their title commemorate a summer settlement for farmers so as to rest their winter pastures. The Welsh "hafod" has the same meaning. These men lived in a stone or turf hut known as a bothy or bwthyn in Welsh and cultivated a small field of oats or rye while tending their cattle.

By the 18thC the name had corrupted to Shoe Lane St. and is now known as Ferry Rd., see A Kidwelly Town Rental of the early 16thC Temp. Henry VII (1499-1504) by W.H. Morris, from records of the Duchy of Lancaster in the Public Record Office, a lengthy document endorsed, "Extent of manors within the Lordship of Kidwelly 15-19 Henry VII".

scontol—see stoncol. The term is mentioned in copy of a Kidwelly Charter of 1356. It is now understood to be a mis-spelling of the true word "stoncol" meaning "hard" or anthracite coal.

shill, schole,shielling. A summer settlement for farmers practising "transhumance" so as to rest their Winter pastures. These men lived in a "bwthyn"(Welsh) or "bothy"(Eng./Scot.) and cultivated a small field of cereal(s) while tending their stock. See also Scholand.

shipboot. The right to take timber from the manorial commons or wastes in order to make and repair ships.

The term is mentioned in a Kidwelly Charter of 1356.

Shoe Lane Street—see Scholand

Skynner’s Parke

Somer Wey

St. Cadoc’s

St. Elthute—see St. Illtyd’s

St. Illtyd’s, St. Elthute

St. Ishmael’s

St. Mary’s

Station Road. see Frogmere Street

Stockwell, Stockwill

Stockwill—see Stockwell

stoncol—"hard" or anthracite coal. The term is found in the Kidwelly Borough Charter of 1356.

John Leland who passed through the area between 1536 and 1539 distinguished between the bituminous coal of the Llanelli district and the anthracite of the Gwendraeth Fawr valley. (Arch. Camb. has the incomprehensible ‘scontol’).

Therne

transhumance. The ancient practice whereby livestock that had been wintered in sheltered valleys were taken in summer to graze on upland or woodland pastures, accompanied by shepherds and cattle herders who lived in "shills, scholes, shiellings" or other similar structures.

turbary. The right to dig peat from the manorial commons or wastes for fuel; see

The term is mentioned in a Kidwelly Charter of 1356.

Verne Parke

Welchienfeld

Wenhold

Wenwell Parke

Westayly

Westhill

Many of the meanings of the terms above are taken from: The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History, edited by David Hey, Oxford Univ. Press 1998.

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